{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "intro-loops",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Introduction to Loops in Python"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "concept-loops",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Step 1: What are Loops?\n",
    "Loops are an essential concept in programming that allow you to repeat a block of code multiple times. This repetition is incredibly useful when you want to process a collection of items or perform an operation until a condition is met.\n",
    "In Python, there are two main types of loops:\n",
    "- **`for` loop**: Used when you want to iterate over a sequence (like a list, tuple, or string) or perform an action a specific number of times.\n",
    "- **`while` loop**: Used when you want the loop to continue running as long as a certain condition remains `True`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "types-loops",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### The Two Main Types of Loops in Python\n",
    "- **`for` loop**: This loop works by iterating over a sequence (like a list or string) and performing the block of code for each item.\n",
    "- **`while` loop**: This loop runs as long as a given condition is `True`. It is commonly used when you don't know how many times the loop should run beforehand and depends on some condition."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "for-loop",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Step 2: The `for` Loop\n",
    "A `for` loop is generally used when you know the number of iterations or need to loop over a sequence of items like a list, tuple, or string.\n",
    "Example of a `for` loop iterating over a list of numbers:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "code-for-loop",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",
    "# The for loop will go through each element in the numbers list\n",
    "for num in numbers:\n",
    "    print(num)  # Output: 1 2 3 4 5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "while-loop",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Step 3: The `while` Loop\n",
    "A `while` loop continues to run as long as a specified condition is `True`. This type of loop is useful when the number of iterations is not known in advance and depends on some condition.\n",
    "Example of a `while` loop that counts from 0 to 4:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "code-while-loop",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "count = 0\n",
    "# The loop runs as long as count is less than 5\n",
    "while count < 5:\n",
    "    print(count)  # Output: 0 1 2 3 4\n",
    "    count += 1  # Increment count by 1 after each iteration"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "break-continue",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Step 4: Using `break` and `continue`\n",
    "You can control the flow of a loop with the `break` and `continue` statements:\n",
    "- `break`: Immediately exits the loop.\n",
    "- `continue`: Skips the current iteration and moves to the next iteration of the loop."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "code-break-continue",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for num in range(10):\n",
    "    if num == 5:\n",
    "        break  # Stops the loop when num is 5\n",
    "    if num == 3:\n",
    "        continue  # Skips number 3\n",
    "    print(num)  # Output: 0 1 2 4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "nested-loops",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Step 5: Nested Loops\n",
    "A nested loop is a loop inside another loop. This is useful when you need to perform a task that involves multiple sequences, like iterating over a list of lists.\n",
    "Example of nested loops iterating over a pair of sequences:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "code-nested-loops",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(3):\n",
    "    for j in range(2):\n",
    "        print(f'({i}, {j})')  # Output: (0,0) (0,1) (1,0) (1,1) (2,0) (2,1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "exercise-loops",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Step 6: Practical Exercises\n",
    "Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Try to solve the following exercises."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "455e845c",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 1: Print Numbers 1 to 10\n",
    "Write a program that prints the numbers from 1 to 10 using a `for` loop. The output should look like: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d5976fe7",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 2: Countdown\n",
    "Write a program that uses a `while` loop to print a countdown from 10 to 1."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "exercise-3",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 3: Sum of Numbers\n",
    "Write a program that calculates the sum of all numbers from 1 to 100 using a `for` loop. Output the sum at the end."
   ]
  }
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